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Concrete Materials required used construction -Sand, Stone (Fine, Coarse Aggregates), Rod (Reinforcements), wood and Cement (Binder) rates and measurements supply/cost secrets in construction

Concrete is a composite inert material comprising of cement, aggregates and water, when reinforced with iron rods, it termed reinforced concrete.
Below is how to arrive or understand the rates, measure and supply-cost of reinforced concrete materials needed on site


SAND and STONES

Sand or Stone tips from a tipper on the ground form shape of a Prism or rounded base
Pyramid when it is drop on the floor. You have to measure the Base (B) in which the sand covered, then the Height (H) of the sand, and then calculate the volume and relate it to the expected tones of supply.

The common tipper of sand/stone supply are usually in 5 tonnes, 10 tonnes and 20 tonnes. A small tipper of 5 tonnes load, is an average of 3.80mᵌ in Volume (considering loss)

So calculating the volume of sand/stone


(a)               Using volume of Prism formed
     
      Volume = Base x Height

      V = B x H

Where:

     V=Volume
     B=Base of prism &
     H=Height


(b)               Another method is also to measure the length (L),
                              Breadth (B) and Height (H) of the tipper bucket or its contents, this can give you   approximate value of the volume supplied,

Volume=Length x Breadth x Height
                          
                             V= LxBxH

              Where:

                        V=Volume
                        L= Length of the tipper bucket
                        B= Breadth of the tipper bucket
                        H=Height of the tipper bucket


            If 5 tonnes =3.80mᵌ
            1mᵌ =5/3.80mᵌ=1.316


After measuring the Base, the Height, or the Length, the Breadth and Height, then calculate the
Volume as above then multiply by 1.316 to give you the weight or tonnes value of sand/stone.

Then multiply the volume by 1.316 to know the tonnes value.

Example:
                                                                                                                                                                                     Volume = Base x Height x 1.316
                                    V = 2.5 x 1.5 x 1.316 = 4.934 tonne

  Hence, the supply tonne is adequate for 5 tonne tipper


ROD OR REINFORCEMENTS (iron)

For buildings, with more than one (1) floor or storey building, you need
Rods or Reinforcements. Hence little knowledge on iron rods is important.

N.B:

·         The length for single one is between 11.5 meters -12 meters
      or 37.95 ft. - 39.6 ft.
      Iron rods are measure in tonnes or weight

·         Common Sizes are in ‘mm’ diameters (6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 22mm etc.)

·         The imported ones are more expensive compared to the locally made ones. Though some locally made ones has high strength as the foreign made.

·         Inferior Rods are gotten by recycling of waste metals by scavengers, e.g. products from African foundries and phoenix plant at Ogijo, Sagamu and Otta L.G.A of Ogun state.

·         While quality rods can be gotten from Delta state and Ajaokuta (Kogi state) steel mill.

           
            Types, sizes and quantity of Iron Rod commonly available:





CEMENT

Cement is manufacturer packed and supply in bags (50kg) or tonnes which is constant. The only point of concern is the varying market prices. Hence there is the need for market price survey

 Cement measure



Woods/Timber

Woods are supply in
1”x12”, 2”x3”, 2”x4”, 2”x6”, 3”x4”, etc. cut sizes
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