Construction Hints

These are materials (usually metals) which have unfilled valence bond and thus provide vacant energy states into which electrons in the valence state can move. The movement of electrons is an electric field is facilitated by gain of velocity and momentum as it moves towards the positive electrode. This is due to added energy which therefore requires an occupied energy State at a higher level. Example of conductors are Cu, All, Fe, etc. Metals with few electrons in their valence make excellent conductors of electricity. Forms of conductor are wires, cables and bus-bars (rods, tube etc)

These are metals in which the valence band are completely filled and electrons are readily available for movement into the conduction band and creating an electron-hole pair in the structure of the material and apparent electrical conditions. Examples of semi conductor materials are group IV elements such as carbon, silicon, germanium, tin. Semi conductor can be classified into two forms : Intrinsic and Extrinsic semi conductor

The Strain developed in a material is directly proportional to the Stress producing it. Thus there is linear relationship between stress and strain which is tenable within certain limits for most materials

Seasoning of timber is the process of allowing timber to dry under atmospheric conditions or reducing moisture content from timber.. This could be Naturally or Artificially induced seasoning.. 1. Natural seasoning : Allowing timber to dry without direct sun light exposure. This could take as much as 6 months. 2. Artificial seasoning : drying of timber using oven. This could take 2 weeks.

Culvert is an open/close drain structure that allows water to flow below a road. It’s like a tunnel carrying a stream of water flow. A Ring/Pipe Culvert Procedure for construction of a common Ring/Pipe Culvert (road junction culvert) includes; I.       Marking Of Alignment: - The surveyor marked out the alignment for the trench to be dug. II.       Digging/Excavation: The surveyor marked out the dept of the culvert to be excavated with an excavating machine. For a 1m pipe culvert, the mathematical process of obtaining the required dept is to sum together the total width of the pipe + base + blinding. For dept:  A pipe of width 1000 mm, base of 150 mm and blinding of 50 mm (though optional). . Hence 1000mm + 150mm + 50mm = 1200mm (1.2 m) So an excavation of 1200mm (1.2m) is required from the to level of the natural ground (sub grade level) surface. For wid...

  V.        Next step is laying of concrete base on the blinded surface and the positioned reinforcement. A concrete base of 150 mm is to be laid or cast on the blinded floor, concrete grade C20 of ratio 1:2:4 is allowed (See concrete grading and mix ratio). A guiding panel is placed into position to guild in the laying of the concrete base in order to achieve a uniformly alignment base edge, thickness and width, also to manage concrete material while pouring. The base is cast with the U shape reinforcement bottom in between the concrete base achieving concrete cover below and above.   VI.        After setting and drying of the concrete base, next is to position the side wall panel form work. The floor base is marked to give the required one meter (1000 mm) internal width where the panel will be positioned. The panel wall spacing is 100mm, and wall height of 1000mm (1 meter), the pan...

Surface water ( i.e., rain water) that falls on the ground surface such as; open field, paved areas or road surface, roof tops etc are channeled to a main drain naturally or through a constructed channel which is referred to as drainage. Procedure for construction of a common drainage (trench) (1m x 1m U drainage) (reinforced). includes; I.       Marking Of Alignment: The surveyor marked out the alignment for the trench to be dug. II.       Digging/Excavation: The surveyor marked out the dept of the trench to be excavated with a mechanical excavating machine. For a 1m x 1m drainage, the mathematical process of obtaining the required dept is to sum together the dept of the required drain + base + blinding. For dept:  A drain of dept1000 mm, base of 150 mm and blinding of 50 mm. Hence 1000mm + 150mm + 50mm = 1200mm (1.2 m) So an excavation of 1200mm (1.2m) is required...

According to Lectric Law Library; A  Power of Attorney  is a document that allows you to appoint a person or organization to handle your affairs while you're unavailable or unable to do so. The person or organization you appoint is referred to as an " Attorney -in-Fact" or "Agent." Specific things you have to know about Power of Attorney are these: i.                     It must relate to the property offered for sale and makes reference to the documents covering the property. ii.                   The name of seller and his signature must be an authority with the specific mention of the name of the person so authorized. iii.                 If the owner of the land who is making the Power of Attorn...

1.) Nitel Building   Lagos  160 M  ( 520 Ft.), 32 Floors, Completion Date: 1979 2.) Union   Bank   Headquarters   Building ,   Lagos . 124 M (407 Ft), 28 Floors. Completion  Date;??     3.) Cocoa House   Ibadan . 105 M (344 Ft.), 6 Floors, Completion Date; 1965 4.) Independence House Lagos 103 M (388 Ft.), 23 Floors Completion Date; 1960  5.) Intercontinental Hotel Lagos 100 M (330 Ft) 22 Floors  Completion, 2013 6.) Great   Nigeria   House   Lagos . 95 M  (312 Ft.), 22 Floors, Completion  Date ; ?? 7.) National Oil Headquarters Lagos 83 M (272 Ft) 23 Floors,  Completion  Date; 1984 8.) Stock Exchange House Lagos , 83 M (272 Ft) 22 Floors, Completion  Date;?? 9.) Uba House   Lagos , 80 M (260 Ft)   20 Floors,  Completion ...