Construction Hints

A building is set out in order to accurately define the outline and width of the excavation and to determine the center line of the proposed building walls, so that construction according to the building professionals drawing (the architectural plan) plan can be transfer into the ground, this building process is called setting out of building. The center line method of setting out is generally preferred and adopted Setting out can be a very complex engineering process but with need experience its quite easy. Experienced engineer and surveyors are those involved in setting out of structures, in large projects, services of land surveyors are required for more accurate transfer of levels and angles in setting out with the aid of a Theodolite to decided point around the building area But we are going to concern ourselves with the most common setting out method ·          Setting out using pegging ·      ...

Foundation of building structure as the name implies is the starting/beginning of a building construction. When building or planning to build a new home (house) or a structure, it is vital that you get the foundation right or you might find your home. ·         Moving, ·         Cracking, or even ·         Sinking or collapsing over time. Foundations are that part of walls, piers and columns in direct contact with, and transmitting loads to, the ground. They are sometimes called footings or the substructure in engineering field, and are designed to support the columns, beams, slabs, walls and the roof loads and wind loads in some instance (i.e. sky scrapers) and also to provide a solid base on which to build the house. Foundation is the structure that transmits the load of the building to the soil. The type of foundation chosen will depend on two distinct variables. ...

The materials used in reinforced/unreinforced concrete are commonly weighed and mixed in large concrete mixers or small batches that are mixed by hand or in a portable mixer. British standard 5328 : specify concrete, including ready-mixed concrete, gives a range of mixes, prescribed mixes of cement, fine and coarse aggregates by volume or weight as they are measured with accurate method of measuring the proportion of cement to aggregates but allowing for close control of the water content. Prescribed mixes are designed by the letters and numbers i.e . C7.5P, C10P, C15P, C20P, C25P, C30P, etc. ·          The letter   C   stands for compressive   ·          The letter   P   for prescribed and ·          The number indicates the 28-day characteristics cube crushing strength in Newton’s per-square millimeter (N/mm 2) that the concr...

Concrete is a composite inert material comprising of cement, aggregates and water, when reinforced with iron rods, it termed reinforced concrete. Below is how to arrive or understand the rates, measure and supply-cost of reinforced concrete materials needed on site SAND and STONES Sand or Stone tips from a tipper on the ground form shape of a Prism or rounded base Pyramid when it is drop on the floor. You have to measure the Base (B) in which the sand covered, then the Height (H) of the sand, and then calculate the volume and relate it to the expected tones of supply. The common tipper of sand/stone supply are usually in 5 tonnes, 10 tonnes and 20 tonnes. A small tipper of 5 tonnes load, is an average of 3 .80mᵌ in Volume (considering loss) So calculating the volume of sand/stone (a)                Using volume of Prism formed            ...