Before roofing your housing projects,what you need to know.(How to calculate the amount of roofing sheet needed when roofing your building)

In building construction, The Most Common Roof Style Is the Pitch Roof, it is a numerical measure of the steepness of a roof. Roofs may be functionally flat or "pitched".

The roof's pitch is its vertical rise divided by its horizontal span (or "run"), what is called "slope" in geometry and stair construction, or the tangent function in trigonometry.

The Pitch Matters For A Variety Of Reasons Including The Type Of Roofing Material Used, Workability, Proportions To The Building As A Whole Which Is Sometimes A Critical Factor In Some Architectural Styles Such As A Steep Pitch In Gothic Architecture And A Low Pitch In Classical Architecture

Divided at the center which is the apex (at the king post) the pitch roof is the easiest to calculate , but you can ask your roofing sheets supplier for the size of each roofing sheet except you are using long span aluminum roofing sheet which can be cut to exact length of the roof. To make fast calculation, measure the length of the side of building let say ‘x’, measure the width, ‘y’.

To get an approximate surface area we will add an arbitrary value as a safety factor for the difference in length due to the pitch or depth of roof or roof rise.

So let’s say for a house of total length of the front is 12m or 40ft and side which is the longer part is 22m or 73ft.

Area =length of front of house x width of house

Area =12 x 22=264m²,

Add allowance for the pitch or depth or roof rise, say 20% of Area

=20% + 264m² =316.8m².

Now find out the length and breadth of each roofing sheet and also multiply length by breadth. Assuming the ceiling sheet is 3.6m in length and 1.2m in breadth,

Then area of roofing sheet =3.6 x 1.8 =4.32m²

Therefore total numbers of roofing sheets needed approximately is
(Area of building + Allowance)/area of one roofing sheet

=316.8/4.32m = 74 sheets

Please note that this is not a standard way of approximating but this is derived based on site experience. In any case there is no particular standard way.

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Construction Procedure of Surface Road Side Drainage-PART 1 (with picture)

Surface water ( i.e., rain water) that falls on the ground surface such as; open field, paved areas or road surface, roof tops etc are channeled to a main drain naturally or through a constructed channel which is referred to as drainage. Procedure for construction of a common drainage (trench) (1m x 1m U drainage) (reinforced). includes; I. Marking Of Alignment: The surveyor marked out the alignment for the trench to be dug. II. Digging/Excavation: The surveyor marked out the dept of the trench to be excavated with a mechanical excavating machine. For a 1m x 1m drainage, the mathematical process of obtaining the required dept is to sum together the dept of the required drain + base + blinding. For dept: A drain of dept1000 mm, base of 150 mm and blinding of 50 mm. Hence 1000mm + 150mm + 50mm = 1200mm (1.2 m) So an excavation of 1200mm (1.2m) is required from the to level of the road surface. For width:

Construction Procedure of Surface Road Side Drainage-PART 2 (with picture)

V. Next step is laying of concrete base on the blinded surface and the positioned reinforcement. A concrete base of 150 mm is to be laid or cast on the blinded floor, concrete grade C20 of ratio 1:2:4 is allowed (See concrete grading and mix ratio). A guiding panel is placed into position to guild in the laying of the concrete base in order to achieve a uniformly alignment base edge, thickness and width, also to manage concrete material while pouring. The base is cast with the U shape reinforcement bottom in between the concrete base achieving concrete cover below and above. VI. After setting and drying of the concrete base, next is to position the side wall panel form work. The floor base is marked to give the required one meter (1000 mm) internal width where the panel will be positioned. The panel wall spacing is 100mm, and wall height of 1000mm (1 meter), the panel is lubricated, clipped and prepared to accept the Concrete.

Ring / Pipe Culverts Construction procedure

Culvert is an open/close drain structure that allows water to flow below a road. It’s like a tunnel carrying a stream of water flow. A Ring/Pipe Culvert Procedure for construction of a common Ring/Pipe Culvert (road junction culvert) includes; I. Marking Of Alignment: - The surveyor marked out the alignment for the trench to be dug. II. Digging/Excavation: The surveyor marked out the dept of the culvert to be excavated with an excavating machine. For a 1m pipe culvert, the mathematical process of obtaining the required dept is to sum together the total width of the pipe + base + blinding. For dept: A pipe of width 1000 mm, base of 150 mm and blinding of 50 mm (though optional). . Hence 1000mm + 150mm + 50mm = 1200mm (1.2 m) So an excavation of 1200mm (1.2m) is required from the to level of the natural ground (sub grade level) surface. For width: A minimum of (2.5 x width) m is advisable.

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