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Glass is one of the oldest and most versatile materials known to man through  ages. Glass occurs naturally as a volcanic ash 🌋 known as obsidian. Artificial glass was first made about 4000 years ago. The term glass is normally used to describe a particular state of matter, known as glassy or vitreous State, which is obtainable when a liquid cools without crystallization taking place, With solid properties characterized by its brittleness, hardness, transparency and chemical inertness.

Glass a complex form of of silicate can be classified according to its chemical composition into the following types: 1. soda-lime-Silica Glasses : This type of glass are used in the manufacturer of Glass containers produced by blowing, molding, and pressing and in special shapes such as electric bulb 💡 2. Silica Glass (Fused silica) : This belongs to one of the most important single oxide glasses suitable for use as lab ware. 3. Borosilicate Glasses : The presence of notice oxide,  which act as a flux as well as a glass former, gives Borosilicate glasses a low coefficient of thermal expansion and shock resistance. It's greatly used in laboratory and medical ware. 4. Lead Glasses: The presence of lead oxide (PbO) acts as a flux and a modifier,they have low melting and working point but with high refractive indices and densities...mostly use as optical components, for radiation shielding and as technical glasses. 5.  Alumino-silicate Glasses : The hardening effect if this type