Portland Cement production.

Production of Portland cement starts with two basic materials; a Calcareous material and an Argillaceous material. The calcareous material is a calcium oxide, such as limestone, chalk, or oyster shells, the Argillaceous material is combination of alumina and silica obtainable from clay, shale, and blast furnace. the materials are passed through a grinding mill, using wet or dry process to the kiln. In the kiln, the raw materials are melted at temperature of 1400 oC to 1650 oC, changing the raw materials into Cement clinker which is then cooled and stored. The final process involved grinding the clinker into a fine powder, adding gypsum to regulate the setting time if the cement in the concrete.
The final product can be transported in stored bulk or sacks.

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Ring / Pipe Culverts Construction procedure

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Construction Procedure of Surface Road Side Drainage-PART 1 (with picture)

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