Timber and its properties

Timbers is that part of tree that can be used for structural proposes/construction and carpentry.

MECHANICAL properties of timber includes;

1. Strength :- this is the ability of timber to withstand stress or external load.
i.e . Bending stress, compression stress, tensile stress, shear stress.

2. Elasticity :- EI
Its ratio if Modulus of elasticity to its inertial.

PHYSICAL properties of timber includes;

1. Density : this is the ratio its mass and volume. Timber with a close packed grain tends to handle a higher loading than those with much spaced grain.

2. Thermal Expansion.

3. Thermal conductivity

4. Seasoning : this is process of reducing moisture content from timber. This could be natural seasoning or artificial seasoning.

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Construction Procedure of Surface Road Side Drainage-PART 1 (with picture)

Surface water ( i.e., rain water) that falls on the ground surface such as; open field, paved areas or road surface, roof tops etc are channeled to a main drain naturally or through a constructed channel which is referred to as drainage. Procedure for construction of a common drainage (trench) (1m x 1m U drainage) (reinforced). includes; I. Marking Of Alignment: The surveyor marked out the alignment for the trench to be dug. II. Digging/Excavation: The surveyor marked out the dept of the trench to be excavated with a mechanical excavating machine. For a 1m x 1m drainage, the mathematical process of obtaining the required dept is to sum together the dept of the required drain + base + blinding. For dept: A drain of dept1000 mm, base of 150 mm and blinding of 50 mm. Hence 1000mm + 150mm + 50mm = 1200mm (1.2 m) So an excavation of 1200mm (1.2m) is required...

Setting out of a building

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Construction Procedure of Surface Road Side Drainage-PART 2 (with picture)

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